Shouwuwan Regulates Synaptic Plasticity of Hippocampal Neurons in Rat Model of D-galactose-induced Aging via mTOR Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Shouwuwan on the synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons in the rat model of D-galactose-induced aging via the mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway. MethodA total of 50 male SPF-grade SD rats were randomized into normal group， model group， vitamin E （0.018 g·kg-1） group， and low- and high-dose （1.08，2.16 g·kg-1， respectively） Shouwuwan groups. Except the normal group， the other four groups were treated with D-galactose （120 mg·kg-1） for the modeling of aging. The rats were simultaneously administrated with corresponding agents by gavage. After six weeks of modeling， Morris water maze test was carried out to examine the behavioral changes. The whole brain and hippocampus samples were collected. The expression of postsynaptic density protein-95 （PSD-95） and synaptophysin （SYN） in the hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry. Golgi staining was employed to observe the changes in the morphology and function of neurons. Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were respectively employed to determine the mRNA and protein levels of mTOR， phosphorylated （p）-mTOR， p70 ribosome protein S6 kinase （p70S6K）， phosphorylated （p）-p70S6K， eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 2 （4EBP2）， and phosphorylated （p）-4EBP2 in the hippocampus. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed slow swimming （P<0.01）， extended total swimming distance （P<0.05）， prolonged latency （P<0.01）， and decreased crossing number （P<0.01）. The modeling inhibited the expression of PSD-95 and SYN in the CA1 region of the hippocampus （P<0.01）， with the weakest staining effect and the smallest region， decreased the intersections of hippocampal neuron dendrites with concentric circles at the concentric distance of 100， 140， 180， and 200 μm from the cell body （P<0.01）， and reduced the length and density of dendritic spine （P<0.01）. In addition， the modeling up-regulated the mRNA levels of mTOR and p70S6K and the protein levels of p-mTOR and p-p70S6K （P<0.01） and down-regulated the mRNA level of 4EBP2 and the protein levels of 4EBP2 and p-4EBP2 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， low- and high-dose Shouwuwan increased the average swimming speed （P<0.01）， shortened the latency （P<0.01）， increased the crossing number （P<0.01）， promoted the expression of PSD-95 and SYN in the hippocampal CA1 region （P<0.01）， increased the intersections between hippocampal neuronal dendrites and concentric circles at the concentric distance of 100， 140， 180，200 μm from the cell body （P<0.01）， and increased the number， length， and density of dendritic spine （P<0.01）. Furthermore， Shouwuwan down-regulated the protein levels of p-mTOR and p-p70S6K （P<0.01）， up-regulated the protein levels of 4EBP2 and p-4EBP2 （P<0.05，P<0.01）， down-regulated the mRNA levels of mTOR and p70S6K （P<0.01）， and up-regulated the mRNA level of 4EBP2 （P<0.01）. ConclusionShouwuwan can improve the learning and memory ability of rats exposed to D-galactose， promote the expression of proteins associated with synaptic plasticity， improve the morphology of neurons， repair neural function， reduce neuronal apoptosis， and inhibit mTOR signaling pathway to delay brain aging.

Mechanism analysis of repeatedly steamed and sundried Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata in delaying brain aging in ovariectomized mice based on proteomics / 中国中药杂志

The present study explored the effect and mechanism of repeatedly steamed and sundried Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata(RRP) in delaying brain aging in ovariectomized mice. After ovariectomy, the mice were randomly divided into a model group, an estradiol valerate group(0.3 mg·kg~(-1)), and low-(1.0 g·kg~(-1)), medium-(2.0 g·kg~(-1)), and high-dose(4.0 g·kg~(-1)) RRP groups, and a sham operation group was also set up, with 15 mice in each group. One week after the operation, intragastric administration was carried out for 15 consecutive weeks. The step-down test and Morris water maze test were used to detect the behavioral changes of mice. HE staining and Nissl staining were used to observe the morphological changes of mouse brain tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Aβ and ER_β in mouse brain tissues. The serum estrogen levels and cholinesterase and cholinesterase transferase levels in brain tissues of mice were detected by assay kits. The extracted hippocampal protein was detected by the Nano-ESI-LC-MS system, identified by the Protein Discovery, and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by the SIEVE. The PANTHER Classification System was used for GO analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the differential proteins. Compared with the sham operation group, the model group showed decreased learning and memory ability, shortened step-down latency(P<0.05), prolonged escape latency(P<0.05), reduced platform crossings and residence time in the target quadrant, scattered nerve cells in the hippocampus with enlarged intercellular space, increased expression of Aβ-positive cells(P<0.05), declining expression of ER_β-positive cells and estrogen level(P<0.05), and weakened cholinergic function(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the RRP groups showed improved learning and memory ability, prolonged step-down latency(P<0.05), increased estrogen level(P<0.05), neatly arranged nerve cells in the hippocampus with complete morphology, declining Aβ-positive cells, and elevated expression of ER_β-positive cells. A total of 146 differential proteins were screened out by proteomics, and KEGG pathway enrichment yielded 75 signaling pathways. The number of proteins involved in the dopaminergic synapse signaling pathway was the largest, with 13 proteins involved. In summary, RRP can delay brain aging presumedly by increasing the level of estrogen, mediating the dopaminergic synapse signaling pathway, and improving cholinergic function.

The effect of brain aging on the brain′s walking network as revealed by functional near infrared spectroscopy / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore any effect of brain aging on the brain′s walking network and its mechanism.Methods:Twenty healthy elderly people and 22 healthy young adults formed an elderly group and a youth group. All were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Timed Up and Go test (TUGT), the 10-metre walk test (10MWT), the functional near infrared spectroscopy walking synchrony test and GaitRite gait parameters. The intensity of functional connections and the gait parameters of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the primary motor cortex (MC) were compared between the two groups.Results:Compared with the youth group, the average cadence of the elderly group was significantly faster. The FC value of the RPFC in the homologous ROI, as well as those of the RMC-RPFC and RPFC-LPFC in the heterologous ROI of the elderly group were significantly lower than in the youth group.Conclusions:Lower FC values in the RPFC and its associated brain regions in the elderly during normal walking may be what activates the brain′s walking network in the early stage of brain aging.

A review on the application of UK Biobank in neuroimaging / 生物医学工程学杂志

UK Biobank (UKB) is a forward-looking epidemiological project with over 500, 000 people aged 40 to 69, whose image extension project plans to re-invite 100, 000 participants from UKB to perform multimodal brain magnetic resonance imaging. Large-scale multimodal neuroimaging combined with large amounts of phenotypic and genetic data provides great resources to conduct brain health-related research. This article provides an in-depth overview of UKB in the field of neuroimaging. Firstly, neuroimage collection and imaging-derived phenotypes are summarized. Secondly, typical studies of UKB in neuroimaging areas are introduced, which include cardiovascular risk factors, regulatory factors, brain age prediction, normality, successful and morbid brain aging, environmental and genetic factors, cognitive ability and gender. Lastly, the open challenges and future directions of UKB are discussed. This article has the potential to open up a new research field for the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases.

Scr eening of key genes and pathways of brain aging and prediction of potential effective Chinese medicinals: based on bioinformatics / 中国中药杂志

Microarray data of hippocampal tissue(HC) of the cognitively intact elderly(60-99 years old) were compared with those of the middle-aged and the young(20-59 years old) by bioinformatics techniques to initially screen out differentially expressed genes(DEGs) and then predict potential effective Chinese medicinals for the treatment of brain aging. The gene expression profile(accession: GSE11882) was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) and DEGs were screened based on R package. The key DEGs were identified by STRING, Cytoscape and the plug-in, followed by Gene Ontology(GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis. Then the key genes and the medical ontology information retrieval platform(Coremine Medical) were mapped against each other to single out the Chinese medicinals for the treatment of brain aging and construct the " Chinese medicinal-active constituent-target" network. Among the resultant 268 DEGs(246 down-regulated and 22 up-regulated), the 15 key genes were mainly involved in biological processes such as leukocyte migration, neutrophil activation, cell chemotaxis, microglia activation and response to external stimulus, and pathways such as inflammatory process, immune response, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, PI3 K-Akt signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. The potential effective Chinese medicinals were Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Astragali Radix. The analysis of DEGs and key genes enhances the understanding of the mechanisms of brain aging. This study provides potential gene targets and ideas for the development of Chinese medicine for brain aging.

Envejecimiento neural, plasticidad cerebral y ejercicio: Avances desde la óptica de fisioterapia / Neural aging, cerebral plasticity and Exercise: Advances from the Physiotherapy´s perspective

El ejercicio ha demostrado efectividad para promover la plasticidad cerebral en los procesos de envejecimiento neural. Esta revisión narrativa de literatura tiene como objetivo analizar el efecto neural del ejercicio para promover la plasticidad cerebral en el envejecimiento. Los resultados incluyeron publicaciones que mencionan los efectos de la plasticidad cerebral mediada por el ejercicio empleando protocolos de ejercicio con duración, intensidad y frecuencia clínicamente significativa. La revisión documental se organizó en tres apartados: a) envejecimiento neural y procesos fisiológicos interrelacionados, b) plasticidad cerebral mediada por el ejercicio, c) ejercicio para promover el envejecimiento neural saludable. Se pudo concluir que el fisioterapeuta, aplicando protocolos de ejercicio, puede promover cambios positivos en la función cerebral lo cual se traducen en la mejoría del desempeño físico y funcional de los adultos mayores..(AU)

Exercise has shown effectiveness in promoting brain plasticity in neural aging processes.This narrative review of literature aims to analyze the neural effect of exercise to promote brain plasticity in aging. The results included publications that mention the effects of brain plasticity mediated by exercise, using exercise protocols with clinically significant duration, intensity and frequency. Through the documentary review three sections were determined: Neural Aging: Interrelated physiological processes; Exercisemediated brain plasticity; Exercise to promote healthy neural aging. It was concluded that the physiotherapist, applying exercise protocols, can promote positive changes in brain function, which translates into an improvement in the physical and functional performance of older adults..(AU)

Application of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging in normal brain aging / 中国医学影像技术

Brain aging refers to the gradual decline of brain tissue structure,function and morphology with age.The cognitive dysfunction is an important marker of brain aging.Degenerative brain white matter changes may be an important factor in brain aging.DTI and its image processing techniques can noninvasively display the microstructure of human brain in vivo.Additionally,it is beneficial to analyze aging process of brain and related diseases of brain aging.The current status and progresses of diffusion tensor imaging in normal brain aging were reviewed in this article.

Effects of Aerobic Exercises on the Expression of SYP and PSD-95 in Prefrontal Lobe of Rats with Brain Aging Induced by D-galactose / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To observe the effect of aerobic exercises on the expression of synaptophysin (SYP)and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) in the prefrontal lobe of brain-aging rats induced by D-galactose (D-gal) and to explore the underlying mechanism of aerobic exercises relieving learning and memory deficits in the brain-aging process.Methods Thirty-six 3-month-old male Sprage-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a saline control group (C),a D-gal control group (D),and a D-gal and aerobic exercises group (DE),each of 12.The rats in both group D and DE were injected D-gal (100 mg/kg body weight) abdominally every day for 6 consecutive weeks,while those in group C were injected the same amount of saline.Meanwhile,the rats in group DE had performed aerobic swimming for 1 hour daily,while the other two groups did not do any exercises.Then,the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test was performed to estimate the learning and memory abilities.The immunofluorescence technology,Western blotting and real-time PCR were used to determine the expression levels of SYP,PSD-95,SYP mRNA and PSD-95 mRNA in the prefrontal lobe.Results In the process of navigation training,all animals' escape latencies shortened gradually,indicating that each rat was able to learn to locate the submerged platform.The rats in group C and DE showed best performance on day 3 and no significant improvement was observed thereafter,whereas those in group D improved at a slower pace,and reached maximal performance on day 5.On the 2nd,3rd and 4th days of the navigation training,the average escape latency of group D was significantly longer than that of group C and group DE (P＜0.05),while on the 1st,5th and 6th days,there was no significant difference among the 3 groups.In the probe trial,rats in group D spent significantly less time in the target quadrant compared with both group C and DE (P＜0.05),and rats in group C and DE crossed where the platform was fixed significanlty more often than group D (P＜0.05).The expression levels of SYP and SYP mRNA in the prefrontal lobe of rats in group D were significantly lower than group C (P＜0.01),and group DE (P＜ 0.05).Compared with group C,the expression levels of PSD-95 and PSD mRNA in the prefrontal lobe of rats in group D declined significantly (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in PSD-95 expression between group D and DE,but the level of PSD-95 protein molecule of group DE was significantly higher than that of group D (P＜0.05).Conclusions The aerobic exercises can ameliorate the deficits of SYP and PSD-95 expression in the frontal cortex of aging rats induced by D-gal to some extent,and improve their learning and memory abilities.

Research advance of cognitive reserve in brain aging / 医疗卫生装备

The current proxy indicators and quantitative strategy were summarized for cognitive reserve,the findings of cognitive reserve was discussed then in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease,and some future research directions were presented about cognitive reserve.The reserve of brain explains the disjunction between clinical symptoms and the degree of brain damage,whereby some people can tolerate more of age-related or Alzheimer's disease pathology than others and maintain brain function.The cognitive reserve hypothesis has been widely used in epidemiological and neuroimaging studies,but it lacks a unified quantitative indicator.The future research of cognitive reserve should be focused on the development of quantitative indicators that cover a variety of potential factors dynamically.

Research advance of cognitive reserve in brain aging / 医疗卫生装备

The current proxy indicators and quantitative strategy were summarized for cognitive reserve,the findings of cognitive reserve was discussed then in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease,and some future research directions were presented about cognitive reserve.The reserve of brain explains the disjunction between clinical symptoms and the degree of brain damage,whereby some people can tolerate more of age-related or Alzheimer's disease pathology than others and maintain brain function.The cognitive reserve hypothesis has been widely used in epidemiological and neuroimaging studies,but it lacks a unified quantitative indicator.The future research of cognitive reserve should be focused on the development of quantitative indicators that cover a variety of potential factors dynamically.

Effect of alcohol extract of Cortex Eucommiae on oxidative stress markers in serum of brain aging model mice / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To explore the effect of Cortex Eucommiae (CE) extract on oxidative stress markers of brain aging mice. Methods Brain aging mice model was made via subcutaneously administered D-galactose. The ethanol extract of CE was intra-gastrically administered to the model mice. Apoptosis ratio of brain cells of mice was determined by a flow cytometry to evaluate the anti-aging function of CE extract. A series of biomarkers related to oxidation, including malonyldialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dis-mutase (SOD), protein carbonyl (PCO), and nitric oxide (NO) in serum of mice were determined by ELISA. Results Compared with the model mice, the apoptosis ratio of brain cells in the CE extract group decreased significantly (P<0.01). ELISA test results showed that,compared with the normal group, NO and SOD levels in serum of CE extract group were significantly higher (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, MDA and PCO levels in serum of CE extract group were significantly lower (P<0.01), and SOD level was obviously higher (P<0.01). Conclusion The CE extract might play the role of brain anti-aging by the effective attenuation of oxidative damage.

Effect of alcohol extract of Cortex Eucommiae on oxidative stress markers in serum of brain aging model mice / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To explore the effect of Cortex Eucommiae(CE)extract on oxidative stress markers of brain aging mice. Methods Brain aging mice model was made via subcutaneously administered D-galactose. The ethanol extract of CE was intra?gastrically administered to the model mice. Apoptosis ratio of brain cells of mice was determined by a flow cytometry to evaluate the an?ti-aging function of CE extract. A series of biomarkers related to oxidation,including malonyldialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dis?mutase(SOD),protein carbonyl(PCO),and nitric oxide(NO)in serum of mice were determined by ELISA. Results Compared with the model mice,the apoptosis ratio of brain cells in the CE extract group decreased significantly(P<0.01). ELISA test results showed that,compared with the normal group,NO and SOD levels in serum of CE extract group were significantly higher(P<0.01). Compared with the model group,MDA and PCO levels in serum of CE extract group were significantly lower(P<0.01),and SOD level was obviously higher(P<0.01). Conclusion The CE extract might play the role of brain anti-aging by the effective attenuation of ox?idative damage.

Nutritional Factors Affecting Mental Health

Dietary intake and nutritional status of individuals are important factors affecting mental health and the development of psychiatric disorders. Majority of scientific evidence relating to mental health focuses on depression, cognitive function, and dementia, and limited evidence is available about other psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. As life span of human being is increasing, the more the prevalence of mental disorders is, the more attention rises. Lists of suggested nutritional components that may be beneficial for mental health are omega-3 fatty acids, phospholipids, cholesterol, niacin, folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12. Saturated fat and simple sugar are considered detrimental to cognitive function. Evidence on the effect of cholesterol is conflicting; however, in general, blood cholesterol levels are negatively associated with the risk of depression. Collectively, the aims of this review are to introduce known nutritional factors for mental health, and to discuss recent issues of the nutritional impact on cognitive function and healthy brain aging.

Effects of Alpinia oxyphylla fructus on learning-memory and expression of related signal proteins in hippocampus of brain aging mice / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Alpinia oxyphylla fructus (AOF) on learning and memory in D-galactose induced brain aging mice. Methods The brain aging model was induced by s. c D-galactose. Learning-memory ability was tested by passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test, and the expression of synapsin ( Syn), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase ( PKC ) in hippocampus were examined by Western blot. Results ① Passive avoidance test:the latency in brain aging group( ( 119.80 ±101.80)s) significantly decreased,and the number of errors (4.4 ± 1.3 ) significantly increased compared with the control group( latency: (279.30 ± 31.64) s; number of errors: ( 1. 8 ±0.9), P＜0. 01 ) ). The latency in low dose, middle dose and high dose AOF group( ( 170.25 ± 68.31 ) s, (226.31 ± 73.25 ) s, (263.20 ± 70.55 ) s) significantly increased, and the number of errors in middle dose and high dose AOF group ( ( 2.8 ± 1.2 ), ( 2.3 ±0. 9 ) ) significantly decreased compared with brain aging group (P ＜ 0. 05, P ＜ 0. 0 1 ). ② Morris water maze test:the escape latency in brain aging group was significantly longer, and the time spent in the original quadrant that previously contained the platform was significantly shorter compared with the control group (P＜0. 01 ). The escape latency in 3 AOF groups was significantly shorter (P＜ 0. 05 ), and the time spent in the original quadrant that previously contained the platform in middle and high dose AOF groups was significantly longer compared with brain aging group (P＜0. 05, P＜0. 01 ). ③ Western blot test:the expression of Syn,MAPK and PKC in hippocampus of brain aging group was significantly weakened than that of the control group. In contrast, the expression of Syn,MAPK, PKC were significantly enhanced in all AOF groups. Conclusion AOF could significantly improve the ability of learning and memory in brain aging mice. Its effects might be related to the increase of the expression of Syn, MAPK and PKC in hippocampus.

Effects of High Fat Diet and Dietary Restriction on Activity of Acetylcholinesterase in Brain Aging Mice / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo explore the effects of high fat diet and caloric restriction on brain aging as well as the activity of Acetylcholinesterase(AChE) and afford scientific evidence to rational diet and prevent brain aging.MethodsSixty male ICR mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: the D-galactose-induced brain aging, brain aging plus high fat diet, brain aging plus caloric restriction, high fat diet only, caloric restriction only and normal control groups. Mice were given 100 mg/kg·d subcutaneous injection of D-galactose to prepare brain aging model for 9 weeks. Morris water maze (MWM) test was employed to determine their spatial learning and memory ability. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain was determined by hydroxylaminecolorimetric assay.ResultsIn Morris water maze test, brain aging mice showed a significant longer escape latency than the normal control mice (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in escape latency between brain aging mice plus high fat diet and brain aging mice groups (P>0.05), and between the control and high fat diet groups (P>0.05). Brain aging mice plus caloric restriction exhibited a significant shorter escape latency than brain aging mice (P<0.05), but no difference was found when compared with normal control mice (P>0.05). There were no statistical difference in escape latency between the controls and caloric restriction group (P>0.05). The AChE activity in brain aging, brain aging plus high fat diet and brain aging plus caloric restriction group were higher than those in control and caloric restriction group (P<0.05). There were no statistical difference in AChE activity between the controls and caloric restriction group (P>0.05). Brain aging plus high fat diet were higher than brain aging and other non model control groups.ConclusionHigh fat diet can raise the activity of AChE effectively, but can not influence the capacity of learning and memory in mice. Caloric restriction can improve the capacity of learning and memory in mice, but has no significant influence on the activity of AChE in brain.

Antiaging and Exercise

Aging decreases independent daily activity and reduction in physical activity level by decreasing the functional level of the body. Additionally, a sedentary lifestyle has been confirmed as an important risk factor for chronic disease morbidity and mortality. Although many studies have been performed on the inhibition or prevention policy in aging, physical activity has proven the most effective way to improve loss of muscle strength or each organ hypo-function. The purpose of this article is to describe the aging process patterns including four categories: musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, mental condition, and brain function and the relationship of these changes to physical functions and exercise. There is encouraging evidence that moderate exercise or physical activity may provide positive effects in four categories: (1) improvement of strength, endurance, flexibility, and balance; (2) increasing the cardiovascular system; (3) alleviating depression and psychological problems; and (4) decreasing dementia and improvement of cognitive function in elderly people. Exercise or regular physical activity ultimately decreases mortality and leads to an increased life span. The implication for future policy in terms of research, study, and training programs are briefly discussed.

Experimental Study on the Effect of KangXin oral solution on brain mitochondrial DNA deletion mutation in aged Balb/c mice / 中华中医药杂志

Objective: To explore the effect of KangXin oral solution on brain mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) deletion mutation in aged Balb/c mice.Methods: The Balb/c mice were divided into the young group(6weeks),middle-aged group(6months) and aged group(14 months),each group has 10 mice.Brain mtDNA were obtained and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) technique was used to examine the fragment deletion of brain mtDNA,thus,to confi rm there was deletion of mtDNA in aged mice,s brain.The aged Balb/c mice were divided into two groups: the aged blank control group being given 0.9% normal sodium,KangXin oral solution group.After being treated for four months,the brain mtDNA were obtained and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) technique was used to amplify wild-type and deletion from of mtDNA.Gel imaging meter was used to detect optical density,then,to compare the optical density ratios of deletion from mtDNA/ wide type mtDNA in two groups.Results: There were 304bp mtDNA deletion in brain mitochondrial of aged Balb/c mice,but same mtDNA deletions were not detected in brain mitochondrial of young and middle-aged mice.Compared with aged blank control group,the mtDNA deletion of aged Balb/c mice in KangXin oral solution group decreased obviously(P〈0.001).Conclusion: mtDNA deletion mutation accumulates with the increase of age.KangXin oral solution can inhibit mtDNA deletion of aged mice.

Effect of Dihuang Yinzi on synaptophysin,extracellular regulated protein in hippocampus of aged rats / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To explore the function and mechanism of Dihuang Yinzi (DHYZ) in promoting learning and memory and delaying brain aging. Methods The Wistar rats aged 20 months were randomly assigned to receive oral administration of 6, 12, 18 g?kg~ -1 ?d~ -1 DHYZ, or 2 ml/d normal saline (control) for 30 d (n=12 in each group), then space memory was detected with Morris Water Maze, and expression of synaptophysin (SYP) and extracellular regulated protein (ERK) were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Rats administrated with DHYZ showed shorter mean escape latency (P

A diffusion tensor imaging study of usual aging in human brain / 第三军医大学学报

0.05).ADC values in the old group were higher than those in the young group(P

THE EFFECT OF APP17 ON MODULATION OF Bcl-2,Bax,CREB,AKt,AIF EXPRESSIONS IN HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS OF D-GALACTOSE INDUCED BRAIN AGING OF THE MICE / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the effect of the peptide APP17 on regulating the expression of Bcl\|2,Bax,cAMP response element binding Protein(CREB),Ser\|Thr kinase B/protein kinase B(Akt/PKB),apoptosis inducing factor(AIF) in neurons of the hippocampus from the D\|gal mouse. Methods D\|gal mouse models were established by injection of D\|gal.In experimental group,these models were injected with APP17 petide subcutaneously and their brain sections were taken after 3 months of survival.The immunohistochemical staining of these sections was then performed with Bcl\|2,Bax,CREB,Akt,AIF antibody. Results Bax,AIF positive neurons were widely distributed in the hippocampus of the D\|gal mice,and the cytoplasm was darkly stained.In contrast,positive cells in the hippocampus were poorly stained in those normal mice and the APP17 peptide\|treated D\|gal mice.But Bcl\|2,CREB,AKt positive neurons were widely distributed in the hippocampus of those normal mice and the APP17 peptide\|treated D\|gal mice,and the cytoplasm was darkly stained.In contrast,positive cells in the hippocampaus were poorly stained in the D\|gal mice.Conclusion\ The expression of Bax and AIF could be increased in the hippocampus of D\|gal mice.But the expression of Bcl\|2,CREB,AKt decreased in the hippocampus of D\|gal mice.The APP17 can regulate the distribution of Bcl\|2,Bax,CREB,Akt,AIF in the brain of D\|gal mice and return them to normal situation.\;[